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Jeffrey "Jeff" Koons (born January 21, 1955) is an American artist known for his reproductions of banal objects—such as balloon animals produced in stainless steel with mirror-finish surfaces. He lives and works in both New York City and his hometown of York, Pennsylvania. His works have sold for substantial sums of money, including at least one world record auction price for a work by a living artist. On November 12, 2013, Koons's ''Balloon Dog (Orange)'' sold at Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Art Evening Sale in New York City for US$58.4 million, above its high US$55 million estimate, becoming the most expensive work by a living artist sold at auction.〔Carol Vogel (November 12, 2013), ("At $142.4 Million, Triptych Is the Most Expensive Artwork Ever Sold at an Auction" ), ''The New York Times''.〕 The price topped Koons's previous record of US$33.7 million〔Katya Kazakina and Philip Boroff (November 13, 2013), ("Koons's Puppy Sets $58 Million Record for Living Artist" ), ''Bloomberg''.〕 and the record for the most expensive living artist, held by Gerhard Richter, whose 1968 painting, ''Domplatz, Mailand'', sold for US$37.1 million at Sotheby's on May 14, 2013.〔Seth Abramovitch (November 12, 2013), (Jeff Koons' Balloon Dog Sculpture Sells for Record-Breaking $58.4 Million ) ''Hollywood Reporter''.〕 ''Balloon Dog (Orange)'' was one of the first of the Balloon Dogs to be fabricated, and had been acquired by Greenwich collector Peter Brant in the late 1990s.〔("Christie's Announces Jeff Koons's Balloon Dog (Orange)" ), Christie's, New York.〕 Critics are sharply divided in their views of Koons. Some view his work as pioneering and of major art-historical importance. Others dismiss his work as kitsch, crass, and based on cynical self-merchandising. Koons has stated that there are no hidden meanings in his works,〔Galenson, David. ("You Cannot be Serious: the conceptual innovator as trickster" ), National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006, p. 25, citing Koons, ''The Jeff Koons Handbook''.〕 nor any critiques. ==Early life and education== Koons was born in York, Pennsylvania, to Henry and Gloria Koons. His father〔Wood, Gaby (June 3, 2007), ("The wizard of odd" ), ''The Guardian''.〕 was a furniture dealer and interior decorator; his mother was a seamstress.〔Schjeldahl, Peter. ("Funhouse - A Jeff Koons retrospective" ), ''The New Yorker'', June 9, 2008.〕 As a child he went door to door after school selling gift-wrapping paper and candy to earn pocket money.〔Gayford, Martin. ("Selling Candy to the Masses: Koons talks about sex, pleasure and future works" ), ''Apollo'', 2008-03-01. Retrieved on 2009-06-09.〕 As a teenager he revered Salvador Dalí so much that he visited him at the St. Regis Hotel in New York City. Koons studied painting at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and the Maryland Institute College of Art. While a visiting student at the Art Institute, Koons met the artist Ed Paschke, who became a major influence and for whom he worked as a studio assistant in the late 1970s.〔Randy Kennedy (February 24, 2010), ("The Koons Collection" ), ''The New York Times'', February 28, 2010.〕 He lived in Lakeview, and then in the Pilsen neighborhood at Halsted Street and 19th Street.〔Nina Metz (May 28, 2008), (Jeff Koons' Manhattan home is mixture of beautiful and mundane ) ''Chicago Tribune''.〕 After college, Koons moved to New York in 1977〔Ingrid Sischy (March 2001), ("Koons, High and Low" ), ''Vanity Fair''.〕 and worked at the membership desk of the Museum of Modern Art〔(Jeff Koons, ''New Shelton Wet/Dry Doubledecker'' (1981) ) MoMA, New York.〕 while establishing himself as an artist. During this time, he dyed his hair red and would often cultivate a pencil mustache, after Salvador Dalí.〔 In 1980, he got licensed to sell mutual funds and stocks and began working as a Wall Street commodities broker at First Investors Corporation. After a summer with his parents in Sarasota, Florida (Koons took on a brief job there as a political canvasser), he returned to New York and found a new career as a commodities broker, first at Clayton Brokerage Company and then at Smith Barney.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jeff Koons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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